DFW C.V
role : multi role combat aircraft
first flight : operational : August 1916
country : Germany
design : Heinrich Oelerich
production : 3250 aircraft, DFW, Lindenthal + license built (Aviatik, Halberstadt, LVG)
general information :
The C.V was produced in larger numbers than any other German aircraft in WOI. It followed the 150 hp Benz Bz.III powered C.IV which entered service in spring 1916. The C.V was very similar but had the more powerful 200 hp Benz engine.
Prop.diam : 2.8 m. It was one of the finest German two-seaters of WOI and in the hands of a skilled pilot it could outmanoeuvre most allied fighters of the period. It remained in service till spring 1918 though 600 aircraft where still in use by the armistice in November 1918. The Dutch LVA interned a few C.V’s..
On 17 june1919 a C.V with 220 hp engine set a record for height, reaching 9620m (it was not recognized by the FAI)
Wooden fuselage was covered with plywood which could absorb a good deal of punishment.
Max.Chord : 1.75m Gap : 1.70m propeller : “Wotan” diam 3.00m made of Ash and walnut.
Climb to 1000m : 4 min to 2000m : 9.5 min to 3000m 16.5min to 5000m : 49 min.
users : Germany, Bulgaria
crew : 2
armament : 1 synchronized 7.92 [mm] (0.312 in) Spandau LMG 08/15 machine-gun
and 1 movable 7.92 [mm] (0.312 in) Parabellum MG 14 machine-gun for the observer
engine : 1 Benz Bz.IV liquid-cooled 6 -cylinder inline engine 220 [hp](161.8 KW)
dimensions :
wingspan : 13.27 [m], length : 7.88 [m], height : 3.25[m]
wing area : 42.5 [m^2]
weights :
max.take-off weight : 1470 [kg]
empty weight operational : 990 [kg] bombload : 100 [kg]
performance :
maximum speed : 155 [km/u] op 1000 [m]
climbing speed : 76 [m/min]
service ceiling : 5000 [m]
endurance : 4.29 [hours]
estimated action radius : 299 [km]
description :
2-bay biplane with fixed landing gear and tail strut
two spar upper and lower wing
engines, landing gear, fuel and bombs in or attached to the fuselage
airscrew :
fixed pitch 2 -bladed tractor airscrew with max. efficiency :0.63 [ ]
diameter airscrew 3.00 [m]
angle of attack prop : 14.63 [ ]
fine pitch
The C.V can be recognized by its rounded tips at the lower wings.
reduction : 1.00 [ ]
airscrew revs : 1400 [r.p.m.]
pitch at Max speed 1.85 [m]
blade-tip speed at Vmax and max revs. : 224 [m/s]
calculation : *1* (dimensions)
mean wing chord : 1.60 [m]
calculated wing chord (rounded tips): 1.76 [m]
wing aspect ratio : 8.29 []
gap : 1.70 [m]
gap/chord : 1.06 [ ]
seize (span*length*height) : 340 [m^3]
calculation : *2* (fuel consumption)
oil consumption : 2.1 [kg/hr]
fuel consumption(cruise speed) : 35.9 [kg/hr] (49.0 [litre/hr]) at 63 [%] power
distance flown for 1 kg fuel : 3.88 [km/kg]
estimated total fuel capacity : 239 [litre] (175 [kg])
calculation : *3* (weight)
weight engine(s) dry : 370.0 [kg] = 2.29 [kg/KW]
weight 16 litre oil tank : 1.4 [kg]
oil tank filled with 1.2 litre oil : 1.1 [kg]
oil in engine 9 litre oil : 8.1 [kg]
fuel in engine 1 litre fuel : 0.8 [kg]
The engine was covered giving a good streamline. Often this covering was removed for better cooling and easier maintenance. Also the spinner was sometimes removed.
weight 21 litre gravity patrol tank(s) : 3.1 [kg]
weight radiator : 24.3 [kg]
weight exhaust pipes & fuel lines 14.6 [kg]
weight self-starter : 4.0 [kg]
weight cowling 6.5 [kg]
weight airscrew(s) (wood) incl. boss & bolts : 24.3 [kg]
total weight propulsion system : 457 [kg](31.1 [%])
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fuselage skeleton (wood gauge : 7.11 [cm]): 102 [kg]
bracing : 5.7 [kg]
fuselage covering ( 11.7 [m2] doped linen fabric) : 3.8 [kg]
weight controls + indicators: 6.4 [kg]
weight seats : 6.0 [kg]
weight other details, lighting set, etc. : 5.1 [kg]
weight bomb storage : 7.0 [kg]
weight bomb sight : 1.0 [kg]
weight 218 [litre] main fuel tank empty : 17.4 [kg]
weight oxygen/compressed air flasks for high altitude : 9.3 [kg]
weight engine mounts & firewalls : 8 [kg]
total weight fuselage : 172 [kg](11.7 [%])
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weight wing covering (doped linen fabric) : 27 [kg]
total weight ribs (75 ribs) : 87 [kg]
load on front upper spar (clmax) per running metre : 728.9 [N]
load on rear upper spar (vmax) per running metre : 309.1 [N]
total weight 8 spars : 74 [kg]
weight wings : 188 [kg]
weight wing/square meter : 4.43 [kg]
weight 8 interplane struts & cabane : 24.0 [kg]
weight cables (76 [m]) : 8.8 [kg] (= 116 [gram] per metre)
diameter cable : 4.3 [mm]
weight fin & rudder (2.0 [m2]) : 9.4 [kg]
weight stabilizer & elevator (4.8 [m2]): 21.5 [kg]
total weight wing surfaces & bracing : 252 [kg] (17.1 [%])
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weight machine-gun(s) : 26.5 [kg]
weight pivot mounting mg :5.0 [kg]
weight ammunition magazine(s) :2.3 [kg]
weight synchronizing system : 1.0 [kg]
weight armament : 35 [kg]
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wheel pressure : 735.0 [kg]
weight 2 wheels (790 [mm] by 100 [mm]) : 29.9 [kg]
weight tailskid : 3.0 [kg]
weight undercarriage with axle 29.9 [kg]
total weight landing gear : 62.7 [kg] (4.3 [%]
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calculated empty weight : 978 [kg](66.5 [%])
weight oil for 5.1 hours flying : 10.8 [kg]
weight cooling fluids : 35.0 [kg]
weight 1 drums empty : 2.3 [kg]
weight ammunition (1000 rounds) : 37.2 [kg]
weight automatic pistol with spare magazines : 1.2 [kg]
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calculated operational weight empty : 1062 [kg] (72.2 [%])
published operational weight empty : 990 [kg] (67.3 [%])
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weight crew : 162 [kg]
weight (electrical heated) clothing for high altitude : 12.0 [kg]
weight fuel for 2.0 hours flying : 72 [kg]
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operational weight : 1308 [kg](89.0 [%])
bomb load : 100 [kg]
operational weight bombing mission : 1408 [kg]
fuel reserve : 62 [kg] enough for 1.73 [hours] flying
operational weight fully loaded : 1470 [kg] with fuel tank filled for 77 [%]
published maximum take-off weight : 1470 [kg] (100.0 [%])
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calculation : * 4 * (engine power)
power loading (operational without bombload) : 8.08 [kg/kW]
total power : 161.8 [kW] at 1400 [r.p.m]
calculation : *5* (loads)
manoeuvre load : 2.5 [g] at 1000 [m]
limit load : 3.75 [g] ultimate load : 5.6 [g] load factor : 1.8 [g]
design flight time : 3.43 [hours]
design cycles : 204 sorties, design hours : 700 [hours]
operational wing loading : 302 [N/m^2]
wing stress (3 g) during operation : 205 [N/kg] at 3g emergency manoeuvre
calculation : *6* (angles of attack)
angle of attack zero lift : -1.16 ["]
max. angle of attack (stalling angle) : 12.11 ["]
angle of attack at max. speed : 2.23 ["]
calculation : *7* (lift & drag ratios
lift coefficient at angle of attack 0° :0.10 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. angle of attack : 1.15 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. speed : 0.29 [ ]
induced drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0059 [ ]
drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0473 [ ]
drag coefficient (zero lift) : 0.0415 [ ]
calculation : *8* (speeds
stalling speed at sea-level (OW): 75 [km/u]
landing speed at sea-level (OW without bombload): 90 [km/hr]
min. drag speed (max endurance) : 102 [km/hr] at 2500 [m](power :42 [%])
min. power speed (max range) : 114 [km/hr] at 2500 [m] (power:45 [%])
max. rate of climb speed : 96.4 [km/hr] at sea-level
cruising speed : 140 [km/hr] op 2500 [m] (power:62 [%])
design speed prop : 147 [km/hr]
maximum speed : 155 [km/hr] op 1000 [m] (power:88 [%])
climbing speed at sea-level (without bombload) : 249 [m/min]
calculation : *9* (regarding various performances)
take-off distance at sea-level : 136 [m]
lift/drag ratio : 9.39 [ ]
max. practical ceiling : 5475 [m] with flying weight :1122 [kg]
practical ceiling (operational weight): 4600 [m] with flying weight :1308 [kg]
practical ceiling fully loaded (mtow- 1 hour fuel) : 4050 [m] with flying weight :1434 [kg]
published ceiling (5000 [m]
climb to 1500m (without bombload) : 6.78 [min]
climb to 3000m (without bombload) : 17.03 [min]
max. dive speed : 369.9 [km/hr] at 3050 [m] height
load factor at max. angle turn 2.02 ["g"]
turn radius at 500m: 53 [m]
time needed for 360* turn 11.0 [seconds] at 500m
calculation *10* (action radius & endurance)
operational endurance : 4.07 [hours] with 2 crew and 100 [kg] useful (bomb)load and 83.5 [%] fuel
published endurance : 4.29 [hours] with 2 crew and possible useful (bomb) load : 92 [kg] and 88.1 [%] fuel
action radius : 439 [km] with 2 crew and 20[kg] photo camera/radio transmitter or bombload
max range theoretically with additional fuel tanks for total 512 [litre] fuel : 1457 [km]
useful load with action-radius 250km : 246 [kg]
production : 34.35 [tonkm/hour]
oil and fuel consumption per tonkm : 1.11 [kg]
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Literature :
Praktisch handboek vliegtuigen deel 1 page 266
Bombers 1914-19 page 39,116
Wikipedia
Five years in the Royal Flying Corps (McCudden)
German aircraft of the first world war page 79,80
Oorlogsvliegtuigen 1914-1918 page 93
Tussen vleugels van linnen page 25
Warplanes WOI page 40f,61,97,124
Jane’s fighting aircraft WWI page 147td
DISCLAIMER Above calculations are based on published data, they must be
regarded as indication not as facts.
Calculated performance and weight may not correspond with actual weights
and performances and are assumptions for which no responsibility can be taken.
Calculations are as accurate as possible, they can be fine-tuned when more data
is available, you are welcome to give suggestions and additional information
so we can improve our program.
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(c) B van der Zalm 21 August 2019 contact : info.aircraftinvestigation@gmail.com python 3.7.4